Wide distribution of fungicide resistance to DMI [difenoconazole] and QoI [azoxystrobin] among epiphytic fungal isolates from Mindanao-grown bananas
2023
Rallos, L.E. | Dante, K.M. | Belais, L. | Asdain, S.
The repeated application of fungicides within a single crop growing season can disrupt the delicate balance of the phyllosphere microbial community and may have ramifications on crop physiology and growth performance. While the practical investigations o fungicide resistance among fungicide-target pathogens are abundant, there is little attention given to the other important non-target epiphytic components of the phyllosphere community. This investigation was conducted to determine the sensitivity (expressed EC50) of epiphytic fungi isolated from sigatoka-infected banana leaves to commercial formulations of azoxystrobin (QoI), 2:1 mixture of boscalid (SDHI) and pyraclostrobin (QoI) and 1:1 mixture of propiconazole and difenoconazole (DMI). The isolates were grouped into two types based on general morphology: 30 non-target non-Pseudocercoscopra-like and 8 target Pseudocercospora-like isolates These isolates exhibited differential sensitivities (sensitive, moderately resistant, highly resistant) to the DMl mixture, with EC50 ranging from 0.0 to as high as 25,118.9 mug/ml. The majority were also found to be resistant to azoxystrobin, with mean EC50=1,038.8 mug/ml. Meanwhile, only one non Pseudocercospora-like isolate was highly resistant to the boscalid/pyraclostrobin mixture, supporting the FRAC recommendation of the use of two modes of action in combination or in rotation for fungicide resistance management. The baseline sensitivities determined in this investigation may also be used for continuous monitoring of fungicide resistance development on both target and non-target fungi in the phyllosphere of banana, a crop where fungicide use is significant. Understanding the specific responses of epiphytic fungi to commonly used fungicides can contribute to the development of more targeted and sustainable crop disease management programs to minimize the negative impact on non-target organisms that may play a role in plant health and biological control.
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