Factores que inciden en la producción del cultivo de mango (Mangifera indica L.) en el Ecuador

To establish a commercial mango plantation, it is important to verify soil conditions, fertility, presence of insect pests and diseases, climatic conditions and select the varieties of commercial interest that best adapt to the area. Taking into account that other important variables must be known such as type of propagation, planting, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, sustainable cultural practices, labor and harvest. The present bibliographic information obtained was carried out through the analysis, synthesis and summary technique, with the sole objective of installing the specific information corresponding to this project. Based on the above details, it is determined that the edaphoclimatic factors that intervene in the production and quality of the mango crop are the following: temperature, relative humidity, altitude, precipitation and soils. Areas whose average annual temperature ranges between 22 and 27 °C are suitable for optimal mango development. Temperature is a factor that also intervenes in the viability of the pollen, low temperatures less than 10 oC and greater than 33 oC affect the life of the pollen, this being one of the possible reasons for the low fruit set. The adaptation range of the mango ranges from 700 to 2500 mm, but the optimum is between 1,000 and 1,500 mm of precipitation per year with a dry season of approximately four to six months long and well defined. Mango does not respond to differences in day length in terms of floral differentiation. The agronomic factors involved in the production of the mango crop are the following: propagation, sowing, sowing density, soil preparation, furrowing, pitting, staking, pruning, irrigation, weed control, fertilization, pest management and harvest.

To establish a commercial mango plantation, it is important to verify soil conditions, fertility, presence of insect pests and diseases, climatic conditions and select the varieties of commercial interest that best adapt to the area. Taking into account that other important variables must be known such as type of propagation, planting, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, sustainable cultural practices, labor and harvest. The present bibliographic information obtained was carried out through the analysis, synthesis and summary technique, with the sole objective of installing the specific information corresponding to this project. Based on the above details, it is determined that the edaphoclimatic factors that intervene in the production and quality of the mango crop are the following: temperature, relative humidity, altitude, precipitation and soils. Areas whose average annual temperature ranges between 22 and 27 °C are suitable for optimal mango development. Temperature is a factor that also intervenes in the viability of the pollen, low temperatures less than 10 oC and greater than 33 oC affect the life of the pollen, this being one of the possible reasons for the low fruit set. The adaptation range of the mango ranges from 700 to 2500 mm, but the optimum is between 1,000 and 1,500 mm of precipitation per year with a dry season of approximately four to six months long and well defined. Mango does not respond to differences in day length in terms of floral differentiation. The agronomic factors involved in the production of the mango crop are the following: propagation, sowing, sowing density, soil preparation, furrowing, pitting, staking, pruning, irrigation, weed control, fertilization, pest management and harvest.

Para establecer una plantación de mango de carácter comercial, es importante verificar las condiciones del suelo, fertilidad, presencia de insectos plagas y enfermedades, condiciones climáticas y seleccionar las variedades de interés comercial que mejor se adapten a la zona. Teniendo en cuenta que se deben conocer otras variables importantes como tipo de propagación, siembra, podas, fertilización, riego, prácticas culturales sostenibles, mano de obra y cosecha. La presente información bibliográfica que se obtuvo fue efectuada mediante la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen, con el único objetivo de instaurar la información específica en correspondencia a este proyecto. Por lo anteriormente detallado se determinó que los factores edafoclimáticos que intervienen en la producción y calidad del cultivo de mango son los siguientes: temperatura, humedad relativa, altitud, precipitación y suelos. Las zonas cuya temperatura media anual oscila entre 22 y 27 °C son adecuadas para el desarrollo óptimo del mango. La temperatura es un factor que también interviene en la viabilidad del polen, temperaturas bajas menores de 10 oC y mayores de 33 oC, afectan la vida del polen, siendo esta una de las posibles razones del bajo cuaje de frutos. El rango de adaptación del mango, va de 700 a 2500 mm, pero lo óptimo es entre 1.000 y 1.500 mm de precipitación al año con una temporada seca de aproximadamente cuatro a seis meses de duración y bien definidos. El mango no responde a las diferencias en la longitud del día, en cuanto a la diferenciación floral. Los factores agronómicos que intervienen en la producción del cultivo de mango son los siguientes: propagación, siembra, densidad de siembra, preparación del suelo, trazado de surcos, hoyado, tutorado, podas, riego, control de malezas, fertilización, manejo de plagas y cosecha.