Biología e importancia de las avispa del género Brachymeria Westwood, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) en el control biológico natural de insectos plagas

Insects of the order Hymenoptera are among the four most diverse in the world and play a fundamental role in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. The parasitoid wasps of the Chalcididae family are considered primary parasitoid wasps of the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. The present investigative work proposes to review the importance of effective natural biological control by parasitoid wasps of the genus Brachymeri Westwood a . The parasitoid wasp of the genus Brachymeria is widely distributed and is considered the wasp of the most common genus of chalcidid parasites of a large number of pests of agricultural importance worldwide, as well as in Ecuador. The larval and pupal stages of the order lepidoptera were the most common hosts reported. The Brachymeria species present in Ecuador are B. subrugosa, B. costalimai, B. mnestor, B. subconica, B. incerta and B. cabira. The Brachymeria parasitoid wasps being reported as controllers of insect pests, locality and host surveys should be carried out, mainly Ecuadorian species to carry out detailed studies of biology as a tool that serve as recommendations for natural augmentative and inoculative biological control in crops from Ecuador.

Insects of the order Hymenoptera are among the four most diverse in the world and play a fundamental role in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. The parasitoid wasps of the Chalcididae family are considered primary parasitoid wasps of the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. The present investigative work proposes to review the importance of effective natural biological control by parasitoid wasps of the genus Brachymeri Westwood a . The parasitoid wasp of the genus Brachymeria is widely distributed and is considered the wasp of the most common genus of chalcidid parasites of a large number of pests of agricultural importance worldwide, as well as in Ecuador. The larval and pupal stages of the order lepidoptera were the most common hosts reported. The Brachymeria species present in Ecuador are B. subrugosa, B. costalimai, B. mnestor, B. subconica, B. incerta and B. cabira. The Brachymeria parasitoid wasps being reported as controllers of insect pests, locality and host surveys should be carried out, mainly Ecuadorian species to carry out detailed studies of biology as a tool that serve as recommendations for natural augmentative and inoculative biological control in crops from Ecuador.

Los insectos de la orden himenóptera se encuentran entre los cuatro más diversos del mundo y juegan un papel fundamental en prácticamente todos los ecosistemas terrestres. Las avispas parasitoides de la familia Chalcididae, son consideradas avispas parasitoides primarios de los órdenes Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera e Hymenoptera. El presente trabajo investigativo, propone revisar la importancia del control biológico natural efectuado por las avispas parasitoides del género Brachymeria Westwood. La avispa parasitoide del genero Brachymeria se encuentra ampliamente distribuida y es considerada la avispa del género más común de parásitoides calcídidos de buen número de plagas de importancia agrícola a nivel mundial, así como también en el Ecuador. Los estadios larvales y pupa de la orden lepidóptera fueron los huéspedes màs comunes reportadas. Las especies Brachymeria presentes en el Ecuador son B. subrugosa, B. costalimai, B. mnestor, B. subconica, B. incerta y B. cabira. Las avispas parasitoides Brachymeria al ser reportado como controladores a insectos plagas se le debería realizar levantamientos de localidad y de huéspedes, principalmente a especies ecuatorianas para realizar estudios detallados de la biología como una herramienta que sirvan de recomendación de control biológico natural aumentativo e inoculativo en cultivos del Ecuador.