Ralstonia Solanacearum en el cultivo de plátano en el Ecuador

In Latin America, Ecuador is considered the country where banana cultivation represents a high socioeconomic importance, reporting 114,272 hectares of bananas nationwide, with a production of 554,212 tons harvested. The largest areas of production of this crop are concentrated in the provinces of Manabí (47,869 has), Los Ríos (10,809 has) and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (10,253 has). R. solanacearum is a phytosanitary pest that colonizes the tissue of the vascular system, causing delayed growth, wilting, low yield, generating great economic losses in plantain crops, banana plantations. At present it has been reported in three areas of Ecuador such as: Sucumbíos, Esmeraldas and Manabí; the latter being the most affected, specifically in the Porvenir area of the El Carmen canton. There is enough knowledge to manage the levels of infection and prevent the spread of R. solanacearum, applying alternatives of cultural, chemical, biological and genetic control, to avoid an economic impact on the banana producer. In this research work, using the analysis, synthesis and summary technique, it was determined that R. solanacearum is a phytosanitary pest that colonizes the tissue of the vascular system, delayed growth, wilting, low yield, generating great economic losses in banana crops. Banana varieties in Ecuador are susceptible to moko disease, caused by the presence of the bacterium R. solanacearum. The high pathogenic variability, wide range of hosts and easy dissemination complicates the management of the disease, which is why it is important to prevent the entry of the pathogen into banana plantations. Cultural control is the best management alternative for R. solanacearum, which consists in avoiding the spread of the disease by mechanical means and contaminated seed.

In Latin America, Ecuador is considered the country where banana cultivation represents a high socioeconomic importance, reporting 114,272 hectares of bananas nationwide, with a production of 554,212 tons harvested. The largest areas of production of this crop are concentrated in the provinces of Manabí (47,869 has), Los Ríos (10,809 has) and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (10,253 has). R. solanacearum is a phytosanitary pest that colonizes the tissue of the vascular system, causing delayed growth, wilting, low yield, generating great economic losses in plantain crops, banana plantations. At present it has been reported in three areas of Ecuador such as: Sucumbíos, Esmeraldas and Manabí; the latter being the most affected, specifically in the Porvenir area of the El Carmen canton. There is enough knowledge to manage the levels of infection and prevent the spread of R. solanacearum, applying alternatives of cultural, chemical, biological and genetic control, to avoid an economic impact on the banana producer. In this research work, using the analysis, synthesis and summary technique, it was determined that R. solanacearum is a phytosanitary pest that colonizes the tissue of the vascular system, delayed growth, wilting, low yield, generating great economic losses in banana crops. Banana varieties in Ecuador are susceptible to moko disease, caused by the presence of the bacterium R. solanacearum. The high pathogenic variability, wide range of hosts and easy dissemination complicates the management of the disease, which is why it is important to prevent the entry of the pathogen into banana plantations. Cultural control is the best management alternative for R. solanacearum, which consists in avoiding the spread of the disease by mechanical means and contaminated seed.

En América Latina se considera a Ecuador, el país donde el cultivo de plátano representa una alta importancia socioeconómica, reportándose 114.272 hectáreas de plátano a nivel nacional, con una producción de 554.212 toneladas cosechadas. Las mayores zonas de producción de este cultivo se concentran en las provincias de Manabí (47.869 has), Los Ríos (10.809 has) y Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (10.253 has). R. solanacearum es una plaga fitosanitaria que coloniza el tejido del sistema vascular, causando crecimiento retrasado, marchitamiento, bajo rendimiento, generando grandes pérdidas económicas en los cultivos de plátano plantaciones plataneras. En la actualidad ha sido reportada en tres zonas del Ecuador tales como: Sucumbíos, Esmeraldas y Manabí; siendo esta ultima la más afectada, específicamente en la zona del Porvenir del cantón El Carmen. Existe suficientes conocimientos para manejar los niveles de infección y prevenir la propagación de R. solanacearum, aplicando alternativas de control cultural, química, biológica y genética, para evitar una afectación económica del productor platanero. En este trabajo de investigación mediante la técnica de análisis, síntesis y resumen se determinó que R. solanacearum es una plaga fitosanitaria que coloniza el tejido del sistema vascular, crecimiento retrasado, marchitamiento, bajo rendimiento, generando grandes pérdidas económicas en los cultivos de plátano. Las variedades de plátanos en Ecuador son susceptibles a la enfermedad del moko, causada por la presencia de la bacteria R. solanacearum. La alta variabilidad patogénica, amplio rango de hospederos y fácil diseminación complica el manejo de la enfermedad por lo que es importante prevenir el ingreso del patógeno a las plantaciones plataneras. El control cultural es la mejor alternativa de manejo para R. solanacearum, la cual consiste en evitar la diseminación de la enfermedad por medios mecánicos y semilla contaminadas.