How ecological indicators construction reveals social changes – the case of lakes and rivers in France
Bouleau, Gabrielle | Argillier, Christine | Souchon, Yves | Barthelemy, Carole | Babut, Marc | Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM) ; Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM) | Hydrobiologie (UR HYAX) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU) | Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Social and scientific factors are deeply enmeshed in each other within the development and the use of ecological indicators (EI). Yet low research has assessed which factors contribute to selecting ecological indicators on the long-term. This article proposes to study the historical construction of EI by examining ecological, political, and social background of specific places where EI were developed, in France on lakes and rivers. Our major findings in France were that ecological indicators were never optimised for the present market or political arena. Instead EI development was typically recycling previous tools that were elaborated for other purposes by environmentally committed outsiders, without regular funding. We found that regular funding for monitoring an EI was only provided when it matched an institution's goal. Beyond the geographically limited relevance of the case studies, these results therefore improve the theoretical framework we deploy when constructing or relying on indicators.
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