Genetic analysis of Thai cattle reveals a Southeast Asian indicine ancestry
Wangkumhang, Pongsakorn | Wilantho, Alisa | Shaw, Philip J. | Flori, Laurence | Moazami-Goudarzi, Katayoun | Gautier, Mathieu | Duangjinda, Monchai | Assawamakin, Anunchai | Tongsima, Sissades | Genome Technology Research Unit ; Biotec - National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology | Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit ; Biotec - National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology | Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science ; Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU) | Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Animal Science ; Mahidol University [Bangkok] | ST is supported in part by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF grant number RSA5880061) and the National Science and Technology Development Agency, 2011 Research Chair Grant. PJS is supported by The Thailand Research Fund (TRF grant number RSA5780007).
Cattle commonly raised in Thailand have characteristics of [i]Bos indicus[/i] (zebu). We do not know when or how cattle domestication in Thailand occurred, and so questions remain regarding their origins and relationships to other breeds. We obtained genome-wide SNP genotypic data of 28 bovine individuals sampled from four regions: North (Kho-Khaolampoon), Northeast (Kho-Isaan), Central (Kho-Lan) and South (Kho-Chon) Thailand. These regional varieties have distinctive traits suggestive of breed-like genetic variations. From these data, we confirmed that all four Thai varieties are [i]Bos indicus[/i] and that they are distinct from other indicine breeds. Among these Thai cattle, a distinctive ancestry pattern is apparent, which is the purest within Kho-Chon individuals. This ancestral component is only present outside of Thailand among other indicine breeds in Southeast Asia. From this pattern, we conclude that a unique [i]Bos indicus[/i] ancestor originated in Southeast Asia, and native Kho-Chon Thai cattle retain the signal of this ancestry with limited admixture of other bovine ancestors.
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