Canine mast cell tumours: A 9-year retrospective study in two Veterinary hospitals of northern Portugal
2024
Duarte, José Afonso Monteiro | Queiroga, Felisbina | Petrucci, Gonçalo
The canine mast cell tumour or mastocytoma is a pathology of frequent diagnosis in small animal oncology, representing 16-21% of all skin cancers in dogs and the most frequent malignant cutaneous tumour. These growths are characterized by the proliferation of mast cells that can degranulate and lead to host of different clinical signs related to the release of inflammatory mediators. Understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of mastocytomas is essential for improving the prognosis and quality of life for affected dogs. The objective of this study is to describe and characterize 184 cases of mast cell tumours presenting to Hospital veterinário do Porto (HVP) and Centro Hospitalar Veterinário (CHV), in Portugal, between 2015 and 2024 aiming to improve the oncological management of this type of neoplasia in canine patients. Included in this study were a total of 156 cutaneous tumours and 28 subcutaneous tumours. Emphasis was given to compare different tumour grading methods and staging protocols. The average age for animals in this study was 8,81 years with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 15 years. Dogs in this analysis developed primarily single masses of varying sizes (0,2cm to 20cm). Treatment options varied from surgical approaches to medical management/chemotherapy or a combination of all. Of the 184 cases 10,3% of studied animals developed “De novo” mastocitomas. Factors like mitotic index, tumour ulceration and dog breed were associated with tumour grade. Clinical and histopathological parameters were studied and evaluated regarding prognosis with resort to overall survival times (OST) and disease-free intervals (DFI)
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