Relationship of weather types on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin
2020
Peña-Angulo, D. | Nadal-Romero, Estela | González-Hidalgo, J. Carlos | Albaladejo, J. | Andreu, V. | Barhi, H. | Bernal, S. | Biddoccu, M. | Bienes, R. | Campo, J. | Campo-Bescós, M.A. | Duarte, A.C. | Cantón, Y. | Casali, Javier | Castillo, V. | Cavallo, E. | Cerdà, A. | Cid, Patricio | Cortesi, Noemi | Desir, G. | Díaz-Pereira, E. | Espigares, T. | Estrany, J. | Farguell, J. | Fernández-Raga, M. | Ferreira, Carla | Ferro, V. | Gallart, Francesc | Giménez, Rafael | Gimeno, E. | Gómez, José A. | Gómez-Gutiérrez, A. | Gómez-Macpherson, Helena | González-Pelayo, O. | Kairis, O. | Karatzas, G.P. | Keesstra, S. | Klotz, Sébastien | Kosmas, C. | Lana-Renault, Noemí | Lasanta, T. | Latron, J. | Lázaro, R. | Le Bissonnais, Y. | Le Bouteiller, Caroline | Licciardello, F. | López-Tarazón, J.A. | Lucía, Ana | Marín-Moreno, V.M. | Marín, C. | Marqués, M.J. | Martínez-Fernández, J. | Martínez-Mena, M. | Mateos, Luciano | Mathys, Nicole | Merino-Martín, L. | Moreno de las Heras, M. | Moustakas, N. | Nicolau, J.M. | Pampalone, V. | Raclot, D. | Rodríguez-Blanco, M.L. | Rodrigo-Comino, J. | Romero-Díaz, A. | Ruiz-Sinoga, J.D. | Rubio, J.L. | Schnabel, Susanne | Senciales-González, J.M. | Solé-Benet, A. | Taguas, Encarnación V. | Taboada-Castro, M. Teresa | Taboada-Castro, M. Mercedes | Todisco, F. | Úbeda, X. | Varouchakis, E.A. | Wittenberg, L. | Zabaleta, A. | Zorn, M.
Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterlyflowsthatpredominateduringthewarmperiod(springandsummer)anditislocatedonthe MediterraneancoastoftheIberianPeninsula. However,thecyclonicsituationspresenthighfrequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to thetotalrainfall,runoff,andsediment(showingthelowestefficiency)becauseofatmosphericstability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.
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