Apoptosis and Autophagy in Picornavirus Infection
2019
Di Sun | Di Sun | Di Sun | Xingjian Wen | Xingjian Wen | Xingjian Wen | Mingshu Wang | Mingshu Wang | Mingshu Wang | Sai Mao | Sai Mao | Sai Mao | Anchun Cheng | Anchun Cheng | Anchun Cheng | Xiaoyao Yang | Xiaoyao Yang | Xiaoyao Yang | Renyong Jia | Renyong Jia | Renyong Jia | Shun Chen | Shun Chen | Shun Chen | Qiao Yang | Qiao Yang | Qiao Yang | Ying Wu | Ying Wu | Ying Wu | Dekang Zhu | Dekang Zhu | Mafeng Liu | Mafeng Liu | Mafeng Liu | Xinxin Zhao | Xinxin Zhao | Xinxin Zhao | Shaqiu Zhang | Shaqiu Zhang | Shaqiu Zhang | Yin Wang | Yin Wang | Yin Wang | Zhiwen Xu | Zhiwen Xu | Zhiwen Xu | Zhengli Chen | Zhengli Chen | Zhengli Chen | Ling Zhu | Ling Zhu | Ling Zhu | Qihui Luo | Qihui Luo | Qihui Luo | Yunya Liu | Yunya Liu | Yunya Liu | Yanling Yu | Yanling Yu | Yanling Yu | Ling Zhang | Ling Zhang | Ling Zhang | Xiaoyue Chen | Xiaoyue Chen
Cell death is a fundamental process in maintaining cellular homeostasis, which can be either accidental or programed. Programed cell death depends on the specific signaling pathways, resulting in either lytic or non-lytic morphology. It exists in two primary forms: apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Apoptosis is a non-lytic and selective cell death program, which is executed by caspases in response to non-self or external stimuli. In contrast, autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis via the degradation and recycling of cellular components. These two mechanisms also function in the defense against pathogen attack. However, picornaviruses have evolved to utilize diverse strategies and target critical components to regulate the apoptotic and autophagic processes for optimal replication and the release from the host cell. Although an increasing number of investigations have shown that the apoptosis and autophagy are altered in picornavirus infection, the mechanism by which viruses take advantage of these two processes remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of picornavirus executes cellular apoptosis and autophagy at the molecular level and the relationship between these interactions and viral pathogenesis.
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