Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Molecular Insights into the Interaction of <i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> and <i>Beet soil-borne mosaic virus</i> with Their Host Sugar Beet
Jose Fernando Gil | Daniel Wibberg | Omid Eini | Eugene I. Savenkov | Mark Varrelmann | Sebastian Liebe
<i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> (BNYVV) and <i>Beet soil-borne mosaic virus</i> (BSBMV) are closely related species, but disease development induced in their host sugar beet displays striking differences. <i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> induces excessive lateral root (LR) formation, whereas BSBMV-infected roots appear asymptomatic. A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate transcriptomic changes associated with disease development. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specific either to BNYVV or BSBMV, although both viruses shared a high number of DEGs. Auxin biosynthesis pathways displayed a stronger activation by BNYVV compared to BSBMV-infected plants. Several genes regulated by auxin signalling and required for LR formation were exclusively altered by BNYVV. Both viruses reprogrammed the transcriptional network, but a large number of transcription factors involved in plant defence were upregulated in BNYVV-infected plants. A strong activation of pathogenesis-related proteins by both viruses suggests a salicylic acid or jasmonic acid mediated-defence response, but the data also indicate that both viruses counteract the SA-mediated defence. The ethylene signal transduction pathway was strongly downregulated which probably increases the susceptibility of sugar beet to <i>Benyvirus</i> infection. Our study provides a deeper insight into the interaction of BNYVV and BSBMV with the economically important crop sugar beet.
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