Toona sinensis (aqueous leaf extracts) induces apoptosis through the generation of ROS and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in human renal carcinoma cells
Yung-Chia Chen | Ling-Hui Chien | Bu-Miin Huang | Yi-Chen Chia
Toona sinensis has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects on several human cancer cell lines. In the present study, we used two clear cell types of renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines to study the anti-tumour effect of the T. sinensis leaf extract (TSL-1). TSL-1 was shown to be cytotoxic to ccRCC cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We found that treatment with TSL-1 induced apoptotic characteristics, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in ccRCC cells. Furthermore, treatment with TSL-1 increased the expression of activated caspase-3, -7, -9, and cleaved PARP. TSL-1 also caused cytochrome c release from mitochondria and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and heat shock proteins. We suggest that the TSL-1-induced cytotoxic effects may be due to quercetin, gallic acid, and tannic acid. Taken together, the present study suggests that TSL-1 induces apoptosis in ccRCC cell lines by activating mitochondrial-dependent caspases and inhibiting anti-apoptotic proteins.
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