乙烯利处理对油茶采后种仁品质的影响Effects of ethephon on quality of postharvest seed kernels of Camellia oleifera

为开发对油茶籽进行大规模处理以促进其后熟的方法，以‘华硕’油茶鲜果为试验材料，去皮后得到油茶籽，并用1.5 g/L乙烯利溶液浸泡处理，分析处理后0、3、6、9、12 d和15 d的油茶种仁含油率、可溶性糖、蔗糖、内源1-氨基-环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量及其油脂不饱和脂肪酸含量，考察乙烯利处理对油茶采后种仁品质的影响。结果表明：1.5 g/L乙烯利溶液浸泡处理油茶籽,显著提高了种仁含油率（处理组和对照组均在处理后9 d达到峰值，处理组比对照组高1564%）、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量（处理组和对照组均在处理后12 d达到峰值，处理组分别比对照组高16.41%和36.49%）及油脂不饱和脂肪酸含量（处理组在处理后3 d达到峰值，对照组在处理后6 d达到峰值，处理组比对照组高0.28%），并改变了油茶种仁内源ACC含量的变化趋势，使原本的双峰型变为单峰型。综上，采用乙烯利浸泡处理有利于提高油茶采后种仁的品质，减少收贮不当造成的损失。In order to develop a method for large-scale processing of Camellia oleifera seeds to promote their post-ripening, using the fresh fruit of Camellia oleifera variety ′Huashuo′ as the experimental material, after peeling, Camellia oleifera seeds were obtained. Camellia oleifera seeds were treated with 1.5 g/L ethephon solution soaking, and the contents of oil, soluble sugar, sucrose and endogenous 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) in Camellia oleifera seed kenels and unsaturated fatty acid content in its oil were analyzed after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 d and 15 d of treatment. The effects of ethephon on quality of postharvest seed kernels of Camellia oleifera were investigated. The results showed that 1.5 g/L ethephon soaking Camellia oleifera seeds significantly increased the oil content (9 d after treatment, the oil contents of control group and treatment group reached their peak, with the treatment group 15.64% higher than that of the control group), the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose in seed kernels(12 d after treatment, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose of control group and treatment group reached their peaks, with the treatment group 16.41% and 36.49% higher than those of the control group, respectively), and the unsaturated fatty acid content in oil(3 d after treatment, the unsaturated fatty acid content in the treatment group reached a peak, and 6 d after treatment, the unsaturated fatty acid content in the control group reached a peak, with the treatment group 0.28% higher than that of the control group). The trend of endogenous ACC content in Camellia oleifera seed kernels was changed, so that the original bimodal type changed to unimodal type. In conclusion, the use of ethephon soaking treatment is beneficial for improving the quality of postharvest Camellia oleifera seed kernels and reducing losses caused by improper harvesting and storage.