橄榄油中生物酚准确定量的瓶颈及对策Bottleneck and countermeasures of accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil

橄榄油中的生物酚是具有广泛生物活性的极其复杂的极性酚类物质，不仅化学结构异质、性质多不稳定、异构化程度高，而且橄榄多酚等歧义概念的长期共存，使得生物酚始终没有理想的测定方法，一定程度上影响了橄榄油的品质控制及贸易。为了寻求突破橄榄油中生物酚测定瓶颈的对策，为橄榄油中生物酚的准确定量提供理论参考，综述了多酚、酚类化合物、橄榄油多酚与生物酚等类似术语使用范围的异同，分析了欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）关于橄榄油多酚健康声称中术语模糊、缺失适用分析方法的争议，从裂环烯醚萜类化合物的复杂异构体与衍生物、色谱基线分离不可行、标准品缺失、单体酚法与总酚法的不兼容性4个方面阐述了橄榄油中生物酚准确定量的瓶颈，并对突破瓶颈的4个具有潜力的研究方向进行展望，即实现全回收率与零人工产物的直接进样法，提升分辨力与准确性的离子淌度质谱（IM-MS），降低基质效应与提升灵敏度的二维液相色谱（LC×LC），加速裂环烯醚萜类标准品研制。橄榄油生物酚准确定量的瓶颈将长期存在，方法突破有赖于更深入的基础研究与创新技术的应用。Biophenols in olive oil are extremely complex polar phenolic substances with a wide range of biological activities. Not only the heterogeneous in chemical structure, unstable in nature and highly isomerised, but also the long-term co-existence of ambiguous concepts, such as olive polyphenols, has resulted in the lack of an ideal method for the determination of biophenols, which has affected the quality control of olive oil and its trade to a certain extent. In order to seek countermeasures to break through the bottleneck in the determination of biophenols in olive oil and to provide theoretical references for the accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil, the similarities and differences in the scope of use of similar terms such as polyphenols, phenolic compounds, olive oil polyphenols and biophenols were summarized, and the controversy over the ambiguity of terminology and the lack of applicable analytical methods for the health claims of olive oil polyphenols in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) were analysed. From the secoiridoids complex isomers and derivatives, infeasibility of chromatographic baseline separation, lack of standards, incompatibility of phenolic monomer addition and total phenol determination, the bottleneck of accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil were introduced, and four potential research directions for breaking through the bottlenecks, i.e., direct injection with full recovery and zero artefacts, ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) to improve resolution and accuracy, two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) to reduce matrix effects and increase sensitivity, and accelerating development of standards for secoiridoids were prospected. The bottleneck in the accurate quantification of biophenols in olive oil will persist for a long time, and methodological breakthroughs depend on more in-depth basic research and the application of innovative technologies.