2018—2022年广西贵港市食用植物油中黄曲霉 毒素B1监测结果分析及暴露风险评估Analysis of monitoring results and exposure risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in edible vegetable oil in Guigang, Guangxi, during 2018-2022

旨在为广西贵港市预防食源性疾病提供科学依据，采用GB 5009.22—2016中的高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定2018—2022年从贵港市不同地点采集的625件食用植物油样品的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）含量，并应用人群肝癌发病风险法和暴露限值(MOE)法对AFB1的暴露风险进行评估。结果表明：在625件食用植物油样品中，AFB1的检出率为96.80%，超标率为20.00%，其中定型包装油均合格，散装油超标率为31.97%；花生油中AFB1的检出率为97.04%，超标率为2470%，其他食用植物油均合格；采集自油坊、杂货店和街头摊点的样品的AFB1超标率较高；食用植物油中AFB1的日膳食暴露量为5.26 ng/kg，AFB1致肝癌发病风险为0.236例/（年·10万人），其中散装油为0.581例/(年·10万人)，花生油为0.416例/(年·10万人)；食用植物油的MOE值为76，其中散装油为31，定型包装油为625，花生油为43，其他油为930。综上，贵港市食用植物油中以散装花生油中AFB1的污染及暴露风险最高，存在一定的食品安全潜在风险，须加强监管并采取相应措施以提高食品安全性。In order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of foodborne diseases in Guigang, Guangxi, a total of 625 edible vegetable oil samples were collected from different locations in Guigang from 2018 to 2022, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected by post-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography method in GB 5009.22-2016. The exposure risk of AFB1 was assessed using margin of exposure (MOE) method and population risk of liver cancer method. The results showed that in 625 samples, the detection rate of AFB1 was 96.80%, and the exceeded rate was 20.00%, among which all the packaged samples were qualified, and the exceeded rate of bulk samples was 31.97%. The detection rate of AFB1 in peanut oil was 97.04%, and the exceeded rate was 24.70%, while the other edible vegetable oils were qualified. The exceeded rate of AFB1 in samples collected from oil mills, grocery stores and street stalls was higher. The daily dietary exposure of AFB1 in edible vegetable oil was 5.26 ng/kg, and the incidence risk of liver cancer caused by AFB1 was 0.236 cases/100 000 people per year, of which bulk oil was 0.581 cases/100 000 people per year and peanut oil was 0.416 cases/100 000 people per year. The MOE value of edible vegetable oil was 76, of which bulk oil was 31, packaged samples were 625, peanut oil was 43, and other oils were 930. In conclusion, the risk of AFB1 contamination and exposure of bulk peanut oil in edible vegetable oils in Guigang is high, and there are certain potential risks of food safety. Supervision should be strengthened and corresponding measures should be taken to improve food safety.