山东省市售花生及其制品中黄曲霉毒素B1 污染状况与膳食暴露风险评估Contamination status and dietary exposure assessment of aflatoxin B1 in peanut and its products sold in Shandong province

为了解山东省市售花生及其制品中黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）污染状况，评估其暴露水平及潜在的健康风险，并为有关部门采取控制措施提供依据，2015—2020年于山东省16市生产环节、流通环节（农贸市场、商店）随机采集花生、花生酱、花生油共计246份样品，采用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定其AFB1含量，计算AFB1平均膳食暴露量和暴露限值（MOE），评估山东省市售花生及其制品中AFB1膳食暴露风险。结果表明，花生及其制品中AFB1总检出率为28.46%，不合格率为7.72%。花生酱和花生油中AFB1检出率显著高于花生；散装花生酱、花生油中AFB1检出率显著高于预包装产品；一般消费居民通过花生、花生酱和花生油AFB1平均膳食暴露量分别为0.01、061、1.09 ng/（kg·d），肝癌发病风险分别为0.000、0.019、0.034例/10万人，其MOE分别为30 500、500和280；高消费居民通过花生、花生酱和花生油AFB1平均膳食暴露量分别为0.23、664、8.90 ng/（kg·d），肝癌发病风险分别为0.007、0.205、0.274例/10万人，其MOE分别为1 326、46和34。严格执行限量标准后经花生酱和花生油AFB1平均膳食暴露量、肝癌发病风险降幅均达50%以上。为了更大限度地保护人群健康，有必要采取有效的监管和风险管理措施控制山东省市售花生及其制品中AFB1含量，特别是散装花生酱和花生油。 To investigate the contamination status of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in peanut and its products sold in Shandong province, evaluate its exposure level and health risk, and provide basis for relevant departments to take control measures, a total of 246 peanuts，peanut butter and peanut oil were randomly collected from production and circulation links (farmers′markets and stores) in 16 cities of Shandong province from 2015 to 2020. The contents of AFB1 in peanut and its products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-post-column derivatization method,and mean dietary exposure and margin of exposure (MOE) were calculated to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of residents to AFB1 through peanut and its products sold in Shandong province. The results showed that the total detection rate of AFB1 in peanut and its products was 28.46% and the unqualified rate was 772%. The detection rate of AFB1 in peanut butter and peanut oil was significantly higher than that in peanut. The detection rate of AFB1 in bulk peanut butter and peanut oil was significantly higher than that in pre-packing products. The AFB1 exposure of general consumption residents through peanut, peanut butter and peanut oil were 0.01, 0.61 ng/（kg·d）and 1.09 ng/（kg·d）, the risk of liver cancer were 0.000, 0.019 and 0.034 cases per 100 000 people, and the MOE values were 30 500, 500 and 280, respectively. The AFB1 exposure of high consumption residents through peanut, peanut butter and peanut oil were 0.23, 6.64 ng/（kg·d）and 8.90 ng/（kg·d）, respectively, the risk of liver cancer were 0.007, 0.205 and 0.274 cases per 100 000 people, and the MOE values were 1 326, 46 and 34, respectively. After strict implementation of the limit standard, AFB1 exposure and the risk of liver cancer were reduced by more than 50%. For greater protection of population health, it is necessary to take effective regulatory and risk management measures to control the AFB1 content in peanut and its products sold in Shandong province, especially in bulk peanut butter and peanut oil.