Soil fertility status, productivity challenges, and solutions in rice farming landscapes of Azerbaijan

Rice, a fundamental staple globally, plays a pivotal role in addressing food security and nutrition. This study explores the intricate interplay between soil characteristics, productivity challenges, and solutions in Azerbaijan's rice farming landscapes, acknowledging the agricultural importance of rice and its contribution to human nutrition. This study aims to assess the physical and chemical properties of soil samples from Azerbaijan's rice cultivation areas, with a focus on nutrient content and the identification of elements limiting productivity and plant nutrition. By synthesizing these perspectives, the study enriches the understanding of the complex relationship between soil fertility class and rice productivity, offering insights for sustainable rice farming. Soil samples were collected from representative rice fields across Azerbaijan and analyzed for various parameters, including soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and nutrient content. The soil sampling and preparation process maintained the integrity of collected samples, providing a reliable basis for scientific analysis. The results reveal diverse soil properties, with clayey texture prevailing. Soil acidity, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies pose challenges, emphasizing the need for corrective measures. The majority of soils exhibit unsuitable pH levels and elevated sodium content, necessitating interventions such as soil acidification and sodicity remediation. Soil salinity issues highlight the importance of drainage and leaching practices. Low organic matter and nutrient deficiencies, particularly zinc and manganese, underscore the need for targeted interventions, including foliar applications. Overall, Azerbaijan's rice-cultivated areas face challenges related to soil fertility, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies, impacting productivity. Corrective measures, such as soil reclamation, proper fertilization, and foliar applications, are crucial for enhancing crop yields. The study contributes valuable insights for local practices and the broader global pursuit of sustainable rice farming, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies in addressing specific regional challenges.