The yield productivity and nutritive value of mixed winter agrophytocenoses cultivated in Nizhny Novgorod region
A. O. Syubaeva
One of the perspective directions of intensification in the field of fodder production and productive use of the area of fodder grounds is cultivation of the mixed grass-legume agrophytocenoses, allowing to avoid intraspecific competition, to increase an output of production and to improve its quality. The article covers information on the study results of the levels of mineral nutrition, seeding rates and vegetation stages effect on the crop yields, harvest of dry matter and crude protein of grass-legume mixture. The research was conducted in Nizhny Novgorod region in 2015-2017 during the field experiment. The objects of study were winter vetch variety Lugovskaya 2, winter triticale variety Cornet and winter wheat variety Moskovskaya 39. The soil of experimental area was light-grey forest medium loamy with low humus content, very high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and high amounts of mobile forms of potassium. It was established that the yield of green mass of crops and harvest of dry matter depends on vegetation stages and the dose of nitrogen fertilizers. The maximum values of indicators were recorded at the milk-wax ripeness stage for triticale and wheat, and at the semination stage for vetch. The highest productivity (34.8 t/ha), especially on the background of N60P60K60, was obtained from three-component grass-legume mixture (with seeding rate of triticale, wheat and vetch 2.0 million/ha). The harvest of crude protein depends on the ratio of grass and legume components in the mixture, especially at the initial vegetation stages on the nitrogen background. The most nutrient was mixture of triticale, wheat and vetch (10th option) on the background of N60P60K60 when harvesting at the stage of milk-wax ripeness/semination (1246.2 kg/ha).
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