Effect of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> on the Growth and Phytochemical Contents of “Red Russian” Kale (<i>Brassica napus</i> var. Pabularia)
Yun Ji Park | Jai-Eok Park | To Quyen Truong | Song Yi Koo | Jae-Hyeong Choi | Sang Min Kim
Kale is a prominent leafy vegetable because of its high content of bioactive compounds and various health benefits. Microalgae have been suggested as a biostimulator that can replace chemical fertilizers by enhancing crop yield and supporting soil carbon sequestration. In this study, the effect of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> as a plant biostimulant on the growth and secondary metabolite contents of “Red Russian” kale (<i>Brassica napus</i> var. Pabularia) with green leaves and purple veins has been demonstrated. Three <i>Chlorella</i> treatments were used: CS, <i>C. vulgaris</i> suspension; CB, <i>C. vulgaris</i> biomass; and CFS, filtered <i>C. vulgaris</i>-free supernatant. The plant growth rates, phytochemical contents, and individual glucosinolate and anthocyanin contents were determined. There was no significant difference under the CS and CB treatments, while CFS negatively influenced on kale growth with 37% reduction of dried weight. In contrast, metabolite production differed according to <i>Chlorella</i> treatments. Total contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid were increased by 1.57 and 1.41 folds by CS treatment, whereas total contents of phenol and flavonoids were enhanced by 1.30 and 1.22 folds by CFS treatment. Totally, seven glucosinolates and four anthocyanins were characterized and quantified individually. Notably, CFS treatment increased gluconasturtiin and all anthocyanins the most, 10.28-fold and 5.90-fold, respectively.
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