Palmer Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) Growth and Seed Production When in Competition with Peanut and Other Crops in North Carolina
Denis J. Mahoney | David L. Jordan | Andrew T. Hare | Ramon G. Leon | Nilda Roma-Burgos | Matthew C. Vann | Katherine M. Jennings | Wesley J. Everman | Charles W. Cahoon
Palmer amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> S. Wats.) is a highly competitive weed that can be difficult to manage in many cropping systems. Research to date has not quantified the growth and development of <i>A. palmeri</i> in a manner that allows direct comparisons across cropping systems. Research was conducted to compare the growth, development, and seed production of <i>A. palmeri</i> when competing with corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.), peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.), and soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] when emerging with crops or emerging three weeks after crops emerge. Regardless of when <i>A. palmeri</i> emerged, seed production was greatest and similar in cotton and peanut and exceeded that of corn and soybean; seed production in soybean exceeded that of corn. However, seed production was approximately 10-fold greater when <i>A. palmeri</i> emerged with crops compared with emergence three weeks later. These results illustrate the importance of controlling weeds during the first three weeks of the season relative to contributions of <i>A. palmeri</i> to the weed seed bank and is the first report comparing seed production in presence of these crops in a manner allowing a statistical comparison of seed production and highlighting the importance of crop sequence for seed bank management.
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