Insecticidal Effect of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles against <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> Sulc. (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Tomato <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>
José A. Gutiérrez-Ramírez | Rebeca Betancourt-Galindo | Luis A. Aguirre-Uribe | Ernesto Cerna-Chávez | Alberto Sandoval-Rangel | Epifanio Castro-del Ángel | Julio C. Chacón-Hernández | Josué I. García-López | Agustín Hernández-Juárez
The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has generated an alternative pest control. The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs), and their combination on <i>Bactericera</i> <i>cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae) second-stage nymphs under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in tomato. The laboratory research was carried out with the leaf immersion bioassay method under a complete randomized design, and in the greenhouse by direct plant spraying under a randomized block design; in both designs, a control without NPs was added. Mortality was recorded every 24 h for 4 days. Both NPs in the laboratory and greenhouse showed toxicity to <i>B. cockerelli</i> nymphs. Results in the laboratory showed that NPs significantly caused increased mortality of 88, 99, and 100% 96 h after treatment of ZnO NPs, TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, and their combinations, at 1000, 100, and 250 ppm, respectively. Direct spray of plants in the greenhouse showed low mortality with 27, 32, and 23% after 96 h of ZnO NPs, TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, and their combinations, at 3000, 500, and 250 ppm, respectively. These results on <i>B. cockerelli</i> control seem promising. Nanoparticles as insecticides are a novel strategy, however, further investigation is required in field tests to obtain suitable efficacy for use in a pest management system.
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