Potential Use of Wild Einkorn Wheat for Wheat Grain Quality Improvement: Evaluation and Characterization of <i>Glu-1</i>, <i>Wx</i> and <i>Ha</i> Loci
Ana B. Huertas-García | Laura Castellano | Carlos Guzmán | Juan B. Alvarez
Wild einkorn (<i>Triticum monococcum</i> L. ssp. <i>aegilopoides</i> (Link) Thell.) is a diploid wheat species from the Near East that has been classified as an ancestor of the first cultivated wheat (einkorn; <i>T. monococcum</i> L. ssp. <i>monococcum</i>). Its genome (A<sup>m</sup>), although it is not the donor of the A genome in polyploid wheat, shows high similarity to the A<sup>u</sup> genome. An important characteristic for wheat improvement is grain quality, which is associated with three components of the wheat grain: endosperm storage proteins (gluten properties), starch synthases (starch characteristics) and puroindolines (grain hardness). In the current study, these grain quality traits were studied in one collection of wild einkorn with the objective of evaluating its variability with respect to these three traits. The combined use of protein and DNA analyses allows detecting numerous variants for each one of the following genes: six for <i>Ax</i>, seven for <i>Ay</i>, eight for <i>Wx</i>, four for <i>Gsp-1</i>, two for <i>Pina</i> and three for <i>Pinb</i>. The high variability presence in this species suggests its potential as a source of novel alleles that could be used in modern wheat breeding.
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