The Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Micronutrients on Disease Severity and Mycotoxin Concentrations in the Grain of Winter Spelt (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> spp. <i>spelta</i> L.): A Case Study
Bożena Cwalina-Ambroziak | Arkadiusz Stępień | Agnieszka Waśkiewicz | Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca
The effect of mineral fertilization (NPK), foliar fertilization with micronutrients (Cu, Zn and Mn) and the NanoGro biostimulant on the severity of leaf, spike, stem base and root diseases in winter spelt cv. Schwabenkorn was evaluated in a field-plot experiment. A mycological analysis was performed and the content of Fusarium mycotoxins in grain was determined. Mineral fertilization (NPK), foliar fertilization with micronutrients and the NanoGro biostimulant exerted varied effects on the severity of Septoria leaf blotch and Septoria glume blotch, they promoted the spread of brown rust (excluding the NPK + NanoGro treatment) and inhibited the spread of black head mold (excluding the NPK treatment), eyespot and Fusarium foot and root rot (excluding the NPK + Mn treatment). Fertilization had no influence on grain yield or the content of Fusarium mycotoxins in grain. The concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins FB<sub>1</sub> + FB<sub>2</sub> did not exceed the maximum permissible levels (except for DON in NPK + Cu + Zn + Mn and NPK + NanoGro treatments). Throughout the experiment, ergosterol (ERG) concentrations were highest in the grain of unfertilized spelt plants.
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