Effects of a Salicylic Acid Analog on <i>Aphis gossypii</i> and Its Predator <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> on Melon Plants
Ana Moreno-Delafuente | Elisa Garzo | Alberto Fereres | Elisa Viñuela | Pilar Medina
The salicylic acid analog BTH (benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic-acid S-methyl ester) induces systemic acquired resistance by promoting plant resistance against numerous plant pathogens and some insect pests. The objective of the research was to evaluate the activation of plant defenses with BTH on melon (<i>Cucumis melo</i> L., Cucurbitaceae) and its effects on the herbivore <i>Aphis gossypii</i> Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and on the aphid predator <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> (Stephens, 1836) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Under laboratory conditions, plants were sprayed with BTH (50 g/ha) zero (B0), four (B4), and seven (B7) days prior exposure to insects. B0 treatment resulted in 100% mortality of aphid nymphs and disrupted adult feeding behavior (recorded by electrical-penetration-graphs technique), by prolonging the time to reach the phloem, requiring more probes to first salivation and reducing ingestion activities. There were no effects on feeding behavior of <i>A. gossypii</i> fed on B4 plants but on its life history because fewer nymphs were born, intrinsic rate of natural growth decreased, and mortality increased. There were no effects on biological parameters of aphids reared on B7 plants. Prey consumption by <i>C. carnea</i> larvae when predated <i>A. gossypii</i> fed on BTH-treated plants was not different among treatments. Therefore, BTH enhances the suppression of <i>A. gossypii</i> in the short term, without negative effects on the predatory larva <i>C. carnea</i>, which makes this plant strengthener a useful tool to be considered in integrated pest management programs.
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