Threshold Values of Plant Water Status for Scheduling Deficit Irrigation in Early Apricot Trees
2023
Abdelmalek Temnani | Pablo Berríos | Susana Zapata-García | Pedro J. Espinosa | Alejandro Pérez-Pastor
Irrigated agriculture is facing a serious problem of water scarcity, which could be mitigated by optimizing the application of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies. For this reason, the aim of our study was to determine irrigation thresholds based on direct water status indicators of apricot trees under RDI to maximize water productivity. Three treatments were tested: (i) Control (CTL), irrigated at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>) during the entire crop cycle; (ii) RDI<sub>1</sub>, irrigated as CTL, except during fruit growth stages I–II when irrigation was reduced by 20% of CTL, and during late post-harvest, with an irrigation threshold of a moderate water stress of −1.5 MPa of stem water potential (Ψ<sub>s</sub>); and (iii) RDI<sub>2</sub>, irrigated as RDI<sub>1</sub>, but during late post-harvest using a severe water stress threshold of −2.0 MPa of Ψ<sub>s</sub>. As the irrigation scheduling of RDI<sub>1</sub> and RDI<sub>2</sub> did not affect yield and fruit quality, the crop water productivity was increased by 13.2 and 25.6%, respectively. This corresponded to 1124 and 2133 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>−1</sup> of water saved for RDI<sub>1</sub> and RDI<sub>2</sub>. A water stress integral of 30.2 MPa day during post-harvest could be considered optimal since when 41 MPa day was accumulated, vegetative growth was reduced by 35%. The non-sensitive periods to water deficit were delimited by the accumulation of growing degree days (GDD) from full bloom, the end of fruit growth stages I–II corresponded to an accumulation of 640 °C GDD, and the beginning of the late post-harvest to an accumulation of 1840 °C GDD.
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