Trypsin Inhibitor Assessment with Biochemical and Molecular Markers in a Soybean Germplasm Collection and Hybrid Populations for Seed Quality Improvement
Kulpash Bulatova | Shynar Mazkirat | Svetlana Didorenko | Dilyara Babissekova | Mukhtar Kudaibergenov | Perizat Alchinbayeva | Sholpan Khalbayeva | Yuri Shavrukov
A soybean germplasm collection was studied for the identification of accessions with low trypsin inhibitor content in seeds. Twenty-nine accessions, parental plants, and two hybrid populations were selected and analyzed using genetic markers for alleles of the <i>Ti3</i> locus, encoding Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). Most of the accessions had high or very high KTI (49.22⁻73.53 Trypsin units inhibited (TUI/mg seeds), while the two local Kazakh cultivars, Lastochka and Ivushka, were found to have a moderately high content of KTI, at 54.16⁻54.87 TUI/mg. In contrast, two soybean cultivars from Italy, Hilario and Ascasubi, showed the lowest levels of trypsin units inhibited, at 25.47⁻27.87 TUI/mg. Electrophoresis of seed proteins in a non-denaturing system showed a simple discrimination pattern and very clear presence/absence of bands corresponding to KTI. The SSR marker <i>Satt228</i> was the most effective diagnostic marker among the three examined, and it confirmed the presence of the homozygous null-allele <i>ti3/ti3</i> in cultivars Ascasubi and Hilario, which were used for hybridization with the local cv. Lastochka. Heterozygote F<sub>1</sub> hybrid plants and homozygous <i>ti3/ti3</i> lines in F<sub>2</sub> segregating populations were successfully identified using <i>Satt228</i>. Finally, through marker-assisted selection with <i>Satt228</i>, prospective homozygous <i>ti3/ti3</i> lines were produced for further application in the breeding program aimed at improving soybean seed quality in Kazakhstan.
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