Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Seedling Biomass and Physio-Chemical Characteristics in Different Species of Wheat Possessing the D Genome
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh | Mansoor Omidi | Mohammad Reza Naghavi | Alireza Etminan | Ali Ashraf Mehrabi | Peter Poczai | Hamid Bayat
Wild relatives of wheat serve as an extraordinary source of variability for breeding programs due to their capabilities to respond to various environmental stresses. Here, we investigated some species possessing a D genome (<i>T. aestivum</i>, <i>Ae. tauschii</i>, <i>Ae. crassa</i> and <i>Ae. cylindrica</i>) in terms of relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (<i>Gs</i>), relative chlorophyll content, initial fluorescence (<i>Fo</i>), maximum quantum yield of PSII (<i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i>), maximum primary yield of PSII photochemistry (<i>Fv</i>/<i>Fo</i>), as well as shoot fresh and dry biomasses under control and water deficit conditions. Our results revealed that water deficit negatively affected all traits; shoot fresh weight, <i>Gs</i> and RWC showed the highest reduction compared to the control condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two PCs that accounted for 53.36% of the total variation in the water deficit conditions. Correlation analysis and PCA-based biplots showed that stress tolerance index (STI) is significantly associated with <i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i> and <i>Fv</i>/<i>Fo</i> under water stress conditions, suggesting that these are the best parameters to evaluate when screening for tolerant samples at the seedling stage. We identified 19 accessions from <i>Ae. crassa</i> and one from <i>Ae. tauschii</i> as the most tolerant samples. In conclusion, <i>Ae. crassa</i> might provide an ideal genetic resource for drought-tolerant wheat breeds.
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