Influence of Salix babylonica extract in combination or not with increasing levels of minerals mixture on in vitro rumen gas production kinetics of a total mixed ration
Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem | Arnoldo G. Ryena | Mona M.Y. Elghandour | Luis M. Camacho | Ahmed E. Kholif | Moisés C. Salazar | Ignacio A. Domínguez | Roberto M. Jiménez | Ernesto M. Almaraz | Andrés G.L. Martínez | María A. Mariezcurrena
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of two feed additives composed of <em>Salix babylonica</em> (SB) extract and minerals mixture (MM) or their combination on <em>in vitro</em> gas production (GP) and dry matter (DM) degradability of total mixed ration (TMR; 50 concentrate: 50 corn silage, on DM basis). Combinations of four levels of SB extract (0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 mL/g DM) with four levels of MM (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 g/100 g DM) were evaluated in a completely random design. Samples of TMR (1 g) were weighed in 120 mL serum bottles with addition of SB extract and/or MM. Then, 10 mL of particle free ruminal fluid were added followed by 40 mL of the buffer solution. The GP was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Addition of SB extract, without MM, increased (P<0.05) asymptotic GP (mL/g DM), the rate of GP (/h), GP and DM degradability (DMD). Addition of MM, without SB, increased (P<0.05) <em>b</em> and decreased <em>c</em> and ruminal pH. Increasing the levels of SB increased (P<0.05) <em>b</em>, <em>c</em>, <em>L</em>, and GP in addition to linearly increase (P<0.001) DMD. Increasing levels of MM increased (P<0.05) <em>b</em> and <em>c</em> while decreased pH. An interaction occurred between different SB extract and MM levels: the most effective levels of SB extract and MM on ruminal fermentation and kinetics were 1.8 mL SB extract/g DM and 2.5 g MM/100 g DM.
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