Degradation of terpenes and terpenoids from Mediterranean rangelands by mixed rumen bacteria in vitro
M. Malecky | H. Albarello | L.P. Broudiscou
This in vitro study aimed at estimating the disappearance rates of 14 terpenes and terpenoids after 24-h incubation with mixed bacteria from caprine rumens. These compounds comprised nine monoterpene hydrocarbons (δ-3-carene, p-cymene, β-myrcene, (E)- and (Z)-β-ocimene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene and α-terpinolene), four oxygenated monoterpenes ((E)- and (Z)-linalool oxide, 4-terpinenol, α + γ terpineol) and one sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (β-cedrene). They were individually exposed to goat rumen microflora for 24 h in 70 ml culture tubes at an input level of 0.5 ml/l. Terpenoids were the least degraded, 100% of (E)-linalool oxide, 95% of (Z)-linalool oxide, 91% of 4-terpinenol and 75% of terpineol remained intact after 24-h incubation. In contrast, α-terpinolene concentration in fermentation broth extracts was below quantification limit, thus indicating an extensive, if not complete, degradation by rumen bacteria. Only 2% of the initial amounts of α-phellandrene were recovered. The other monoterpenes and β-cedrene were partly degraded, with losses ranging from 67% for δ-3-carene to 90% for (E)-β-ocimene. The corresponding rates of disappearance were between 2.67 and 4.08 μmol/ml inoculum per day.
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