Phylogenetic and Microsatellite Markers for <i>Tulasnella</i> (Tulasnellaceae) Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Australian Orchids
Monica P. Ruibal | Rod Peakall | Leon M. Smith | Celeste C. Linde
Premise of the study: Phylogenetic and microsatellite markers were developed for <i>Tulasnella</i> mycorrhizal fungi to investigate fungal species identity and diversity. These markers will be useful in future studies investigating the phylogenetic relationship of the fungal symbionts, specificity of orchid–mycorrhizal associations, and the role of mycorrhizae in orchid speciation within several orchid genera. Methods and Results: We generated partial genome sequences of two <i>Tulasnella</i> symbionts originating from <i>Chiloglottis</i> and <i>Drakaea</i> orchid species with 454 genome sequencing. Cross-genus transferability across mycorrhizal symbionts associated with multiple genera of Australian orchids (<i>Arthrochilus</i>, <i>Chiloglottis</i>, <i>Drakaea</i>, and <i>Paracaleana</i>) was found for seven phylogenetic loci. Five loci showed cross-transferability to <i>Tulasnella</i> from other orchid genera, and two to <i>Sebacina</i>. Furthermore, 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for <i>Tulasnella</i> from <i>Chiloglottis</i>. Conclusions: Highly informative markers were obtained, allowing investigation of mycorrhizal diversity of Tulasnellaceae associated with a wide variety of terrestrial orchids in Australia and potentially worldwide.
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