Protective Effects of <i>Laminaria japonica</i> Polysaccharide Composite Microcapsules on the Survival of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> during Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and Heat Treatment
Honghui Guo | Yelin Zhou | Quanling Xie | Hui Chen | Ming’en Zhang | Lei Yu | Guangyu Yan | Yan Chen | Xueliang Lin | Yiping Zhang | Zhuan Hong
To improve probiotics’ survivability during gastrointestinal digestion and heat treatment, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was microencapsulated by spray-drying using <i>Laminaria japonica</i> polysaccharide/sodium caseinate/gelatin (LJP/SC/GE) composites. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the denaturation of LJP/SC/GE microcapsules requires higher thermal energy than that of SC/GE microcapsules, and the addition of LJP may improve thermal stability. Zeta potential measurements indicated that, at low pH of the gastric fluid, the negatively charged LJP attracted the positively charged SC/GE, helping to maintain an intact microstructure without disintegration. The encapsulation efficiency of <i>L. plantarum</i>-loaded LJP/SC/GE microcapsules reached about 93.4%, and the survival rate was 46.9% in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 2 h and 96.0% in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) for 2 h. In vitro release experiments showed that the LJP/SC/GE microcapsules could protect the viability of <i>L. plantarum</i> in SGF and release probiotics slowly in SIF. The cell survival of LJP/SC/GE microcapsules was significantly improved during the heat treatment compared to SC/GE microcapsules and free cells. LJP/SC/GE microcapsules can increase the survival of <i>L. plantarum</i> by maintaining the lactate dehydrogenase and Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity. Overall, this study demonstrates the great potential of LJP/SC/GE microcapsules to protect and deliver probiotics in food and pharmaceutical systems.
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