Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Defense-Related Peptides of <i>Filipendula ulmaria</i> in Response to <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> Infection
Ekaterina A. Istomina | Tatyana V. Korostyleva | Alexey S. Kovtun | Marina P. Slezina | Tatyana I. Odintsova
Peptides play an essential role in plant development and immunity. <i>Filipendula ulmaria,</i> belonging to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant which exhibits valuable pharmacological properties. <i>F. ulmaria</i> extracts in vitro inhibit the growth of a variety of plant and human pathogens. The role of peptides in defense against pathogens in <i>F. ulmaria</i> remains unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the repertoire of antimicrobial (AMPs) and defense-related signaling peptide genes expressed by <i>F. ulmaria</i> in response to infection with <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> using RNA-seq. Transcriptomes of healthy and infected plants at two time points were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq500 platform and de novo assembled. A total of 84 peptide genes encoding novel putative AMPs and signaling peptides were predicted in <i>F. ulmaria</i> transcriptomes. They belong to known, as well as new, peptide families. Transcriptional profiling in response to infection disclosed complex expression patterns of peptide genes and identified both up- and down-regulated genes in each family. Among the differentially expressed genes, the vast majority were down-regulated, suggesting suppression of the immune response by the fungus. The expression of 13 peptide genes was up-regulated, indicating their possible involvement in triggering defense response. After functional studies, the encoded peptides can be used in the development of novel biofungicides and resistance inducers.
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