Austin-Type Meroterpenoids from Fungi Reported in the Last Five Decades: A Review
2024
Jia-Li He | Chang-Jing Chen | Yong-Hong Liu | Cheng-Hai Gao | Rui-Ping Wang | Wen-Fei Zhang | Meng Bai
Austin was first isolated as a novel polyisoprenoid mycotoxin from <i>Aspergillus ustus</i> in 1976. Subsequently, some new austin-type meroterpenoids (ATMTs) have been continually found. This review attempts to give a comprehensive summary of progress on the isolation, chemical structural features, biological activities, and fungal biodiversity of 104 novel ATMTs from 5 genera of terrestrial- and marine-derived fungi reported from October 1976 to January 2023. The genera of <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> are the two dominant producers, producing 63.5% and 30.8% of ATMTs, respectively. Moreover, about 26.9% of ATMTs display various pronounced bioactivities, including insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and PTP1B inhibitory activities. The chemical diversity and potential activities of these novel fungal ATMTs are reviewed for a better understanding, and a relevant summary focusing on the source fungi and their taxonomy is provided to shed light on the future development and research of austin-type meroterpenoids.
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