Influence of High Concentrations of Copper Sulfate on In Vitro Adventitious Organogenesis of <i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.
2023
Jorge Fonseca Miguel
Copper (Cu) is an essential plant micronutrient. This report is the first to assess the effects of high copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4</sub>) levels on in vitro callus and shoot formation of cucumber. Four-day-old cotyledon explants from the inbred line Wisconsin 2843 and the commercial cultivars Marketer and Negrito were used. Murashige and Skoog (MS)-derived callus and shoot induction medium containing 0.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was supplemented with CuSO<sub>4</sub> (0.2–5 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). The response on callus-derived shoots showed that the optimal concentration of CuSO<sub>4</sub> was 8- to 200-fold greater than in standard MS medium. Shoot frequency (SF) and shoot number (SN) were assessed, and Marketer > Negrito > Wisconsin 2843, where 1, 0.2 and 5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> CuSO<sub>4</sub> produced the highest results, respectively. SF and SN increased 6- and 10-fold in Wisconsin 2843 and twice in the other cultivars. All explants formed calluses, and in two of the three cultivars, callus extension was significantly affected by CuSO<sub>4</sub> application. SN showed a strong relationship with CuSO<sub>4</sub> levels and no association with callus extension. The results show that specific CuSO<sub>4</sub> concentrations higher than in standard MS medium increase adventitious cucumber shoot organogenesis.
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