Entomopathogenic Fungi-Mediated Solubilization and Induction of Fe Related Genes in Melon and Cucumber Plants
Fabián García-Espinoza | Enrique Quesada-Moraga | María José García del Rosal | Meelad Yousef-Yousef
Endophytic insect pathogenic fungi have a multifunctional lifestyle; in addition to its well-known function as biocontrol agents, it may also help plants respond to other biotic and abiotic stresses, such as iron (Fe) deficiency. This study explores <i>M. brunneum</i> EAMa 01/58-Su strain attributes for Fe acquisition. Firstly, direct attributes include siderophore exudation (in vitro assay) and Fe content in shoots and in the substrate (in vivo assay) were evaluated for three strains of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and <i>Metarhizium bruneum</i>. The <i>M. brunneum</i> EAMa 01/58-Su strain showed a great ability to exudate iron siderophores (58.4% surface siderophores exudation) and provided higher Fe content in both dry matter and substrate compared to the control and was therefore selected for further research to unravel the possible induction of Fe deficiency responses, Ferric Reductase Activity (FRA), and relative expression of Fe acquisition genes by qRT-PCR in melon and cucumber plants.. In addition, root priming by <i>M. brunneum</i> EAMa 01/58-Su strain elicited Fe deficiency responses at transcriptional level. Our results show an early up-regulation (24, 48 or 72 h post inoculation) of the Fe acquisition genes <i>FRO1</i>, <i>FRO2</i>, <i>IRT1</i>, <i>HA1</i>, and <i>FIT</i> as well as the FRA. These results highlight the mechanisms involved in the Fe acquisition as mediated by IPF <i>M. brunneum</i> EAMa 01/58-Su strain.
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