Dinosaur bonebed amber from an original swamp forest soil
Sergio Álvarez-Parra | Ricardo Pérez-de la Fuente | Enrique Peñalver | Eduardo Barrón | Luis Alcalá | Jordi Pérez-Cano | Carles Martín-Closas | Khaled Trabelsi | Nieves Meléndez | Rafael López Del Valle | Rafael P Lozano | David Peris | Ana Rodrigo | Víctor Sarto i Monteys | Carlos A Bueno-Cebollada | César Menor-Salván | Marc Philippe | Alba Sánchez-García | Constanza Peña-Kairath | Antonio Arillo | Eduardo Espílez | Luis Mampel | Xavier Delclòs
Dinosaur bonebeds with amber content, yet scarce, offer a superior wealth and quality of data on ancient terrestrial ecosystems. However, the preserved palaeodiversity and/or taphonomic characteristics of these exceptional localities had hitherto limited their palaeobiological potential. Here, we describe the amber from the Lower Cretaceous dinosaur bonebed of Ariño (Teruel, Spain) using a multidisciplinary approach. Amber is found in both a root layer with amber strictly in situ and a litter layer mainly composed of aerial pieces unusually rich in bioinclusions, encompassing 11 insect orders, arachnids, and a few plant and vertebrate remains, including a feather. Additional palaeontological data—charophytes, palynomorphs, ostracods— are provided. Ariño arguably represents the most prolific and palaeobiologically diverse locality in which fossiliferous amber and a dinosaur bonebed have been found in association, and the only one known where the vast majority of the palaeontological assemblage suffered no or low-grade pre-burial transport. This has unlocked unprecedentedly complete and reliable palaeoecological data out of two complementary windows of preservation—the bonebed and the amber—from the same site.
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