Effect of Dwarfing Gene <i>Ddw1</i> on Height and Agronomic Traits in Spring Triticale in Greenhouse and Field Experiments in a Non-Black Earth Region of Russia
Pavel Kroupin | Anastasiya Chernook | Gennady Karlov | Alexander Soloviev | Mikhail Divashuk
Triticale is a relatively new crop which still possesses serious drawbacks that can be significantly improved by breeding. The dwarfing genes proved to be very useful in the development of new lodging resistant and productive cultivars of winter triticale. The aim of our research was to assess the effect of the <i>Ddw1</i> dwarfing gene from rye on the agronomic valuable traits in spring triticale. The <i>Ddw1</i> effect was studied in the greenhouse experiment in segregating the F<sub>2:3</sub> population and in the field of F<sub>3:4</sub> and F<sub>4:5</sub> families derived from crossing winter triticale ‘Hongor’ (<i>Ddw1Ddw1</i>) and spring triticale ‘Dublet’ (<i>ddw1ddw1</i>). As a result, in all three generations, a strong decrease in plant height was demonstrated that was accompanied by a decrease in grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight. In field experiments, a decrease in spike length and increase in spike density and delay in flowering and heading were observed. As a result of decrease in culm vegetative weight due to <i>Ddw1</i>, the harvest index measured in F<sub>4:5</sub> increased. The spike fertility and number of grains were not affected by <i>Ddw1</i>. The comparison of <i>Ddw1</i> in rye, winter, and spring triticale, and the possible role of <i>Ddw1</i> in improving spring triticale are discussed.
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