Use of <i>Pseudomonas protegens</i> to Control Root Rot Disease Caused by <i>Boeremia exigua</i> var. <i>exigua</i> in Industrial Chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> var. <i>sativum</i> Bisch.)
Tamara Quezada-D’Angelo | Juan San Martín | Braulio Ruiz | Pía Oyarzúa | Marisol Vargas | Susana Fischer | Pamela Cortés | Patricio Astete | Ernesto Moya-Elizondo
<i>Boeremia exigua</i> var. <i>exigua</i> is a recurrent pathogen causing root rot in industrial chicory. Currently, there is no chemical or varietal control for this disease, and thus, management strategies need to be developed. This study determined the biocontrol effect of strains of <i>Pseudomonas protegens</i> bacteria with antimicrobial compounds on the fungus <i>B. exigua</i> var. <i>exigua</i> under in vitro, in vivo, and field conditions. In addition, root colonization by these bacteria was estimated by the <i>phlD</i>-specific PCR-based dilution end point assay. Eighteen isolates of <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp were evaluated, and the strains that showed the greatest in vitro inhibition of fungal mycelial growth (mm), Ca10A and ChB7, were selected. Inoculation with the strain ChB7 showed less severity (necrotic area) under in vivo conditions (root trials) compared with the control inoculated with the pathogen (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The molecular analysis revealed that the root colonization of plants grown in pots was equal to or greater than 70%. Similar levels were observed in the field trials conducted at the Selva Negra and Canteras experimental stations (2015–2016 season), with values ranging from 85.7 to 70.5% and from 75.0 to 79.5%, respectively. Regarding yield (ton ha<sup>−1</sup>), values were higher in the treatments inoculated with strains Ca10A and ChB7 (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) at both experimental sites, while a lower incidence and severity of root rot were observed at Selva Negra. These results suggest that the Chilean strains of <i>P. protegens</i> are a promising tool for the control of root diseases in industrial chicory.
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