Chemical Profile and Health-Promoting Activities of <i>Crataegus laciniata</i> (Rosaceae) Flowers
Salvatore Mirabile | Valeria D’Angelo | Maria Paola Germanò | Shiva Pouramin Arabi | Valentina Parisi | Francesco Maria Raimondo | Emanuele Rosa
In the present study, we focused our attention on <i>Crataegus laciniata</i> Ucria (Rosaceae), which is wild growing in western Sicily (Italy). The chemical profile of the <i>C. laciniata</i> flower’s (CLF) ethanolic (70%) extract showed the presence of both C-flavonoid and O-flavonoid derivatives. Beyond the main metabolites, like hyperoside and vitexin, there are several luteolin derivates, in addition to catechin and epicatechin dimers or trimers. Regarding the antioxidant activities, CLF showed a strong ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals and a good Fe<sup>3+</sup>-reducing antioxidant power. The investigation into the key enzymes in diabetes showed strong inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, whereas the skin-whitening properties are linked to inhibitory effects on tyrosinase. Moreover, we employed <i>Danio rerio</i> (zebrafish) for toxicity assessment, as it represents an ideal in vivo model due to its high correlation with humans in response to pharmaceutical and cosmetic testing. Zebrafish embryos exposed to CLF (25–100 µg/mL) showed marked depigmentation compared to phenylthiourea (PTU), in addition to a high survival percentage and the absence of malformations. In conclusion, this experimental study outlines that <i>C. laciniata</i> flowers could be a potential source of bioactive compounds for application in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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