Optimal Deployment of WSN Nodes for Crop Monitoring Based on Geostatistical Interpolations
Edgar Andres Gutierrez | Ivan Fernando Mondragon | Julian D. Colorado | Diego Mendez Ch
This paper proposes an integrated method for the estimation of soil moisture in potato crops that uses a low-cost wireless sensor network (WSN). Soil moisture estimation maps were created by applying the Kriging technique over a WSN composed of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>11</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> nodes. Our goal is to estimate the soil moisture of the crop with a small-scale WSN. Using a perfect mesh approach on a potato crop, experimental results demonstrated that 25 WSN nodes were optimal and sufficient for soil moisture characterization, achieving estimations errors <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. We provide a strategy to select the number of nodes to use in a WSN, to characterize the moisture behavior for spatio-temporal analysis of soil moisture in the crop. Finally, the implementation cost of this strategy is shown, considering the number of nodes and the corresponding margin of error.
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