Structures, Occurrences and Biosynthesis of 11,12,13-Tri-<i>nor</i>-Sesquiterpenes, an Intriguing Class of Bioactive Metabolites
Víctor Coca-Ruíz | Ivonne Suárez | Josefina Aleu | Isidro G. Collado
The compounds 11,12,13-tri-<i>nor</i>-sesquiterpenes are degraded sesquiterpenoids which have lost the C<sub>3</sub> unit of isopropyl or isopropenyl at C-7 of the sesquiterpene skeleton. The irregular C-backbone originates from the oxidative removal of a C<sub>3</sub> side chain from the C<sub>15</sub> sesquiterpene, which arises from farnesyl diphosphate (FDP). The C<sub>12</sub>-framework is generated, generally, in all families of sesquiterpenes by oxidative cleavage of the C<sub>3</sub> substituent, with the simultaneous introduction of a double bond. This article reviews the isolation, biosynthesis and biological activity of this special class of sesquiterpenes, the 11,12,13-tri-<i>nor-</i>sesquiterpenes.
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