Activity of Aqueous Extracts from Native Plants of the Yucatan Peninsula against Fungal Pathogens of Tomato In Vitro and from <i>Croton chichenensis </i>against <i>Corynespora cassiicola </i>on Tomato
Felicia Amalia Moo-Koh | Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo | José María Tun-Suárez | Irma Leticia Medina-Baizabal | Alejandra Anahi Arjona-Cruz | Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
Plant extracts are a valuable alternative to control pathogens of horticultural crops. In the present study, four species of pathogenic fungi were isolated from leaf spots on <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> and identified by traditional and molecular techniques as <i>Alternaria alternata </i>ITC24<i>, Corynespora cassiicola </i>ITC23, <i>Curvularia lunata </i>ITC22, and <i>Fusarium equiseti</i> ITC32. When 11 aqueous extracts from eight native plants of the Yucatan Peninsula were tested against the four fungi in vitro, the extract from <i>Croton chichenensis</i> roots was most active, inhibiting mycelial growth (79–100%), sporulation (100%), and conidial germination (71–100%) at 3% (<i>w/v</i>). A logarithmic–diagrammatic scale of the pathosystem <i>C. cassiicola–S. lycopersicum</i> was established and used to assess disease severity on inoculated tomato plants in a greenhouse after treatment with the aqueous extract from <i>C. chichenensis</i> roots at 12% (<i>w/v</i>). After 21 days, the disease severity was 57% lower than on the control without extract applied. This dose of the extract was not phytotoxic to tomato leaves and was compatible with the beneficial organisms <i>Bacillus subtilis </i>CBCK47 and <i>Trichodema asperellum</i> Ta13-17. The antifungal efficacy of <i>C. chichenensis</i> is highly promising for incorporation into integrated disease management of tomato crops.
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