Improved Bioherbicidal Efficacy of <i>Bipolaris eleusines</i> through Herbicide Addition on Weed Control in Paddy Rice
Jianping Zhang | Guifang Duan | Shuang Yang | Liuqing Yu | Yongliang Lu | Wei Tang | Yongjie Yang
<i>Bipolaris eleusines</i> was mixed with herbicides to improve the control of barnyardgrass (<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>), a noxious weed in rice fields. The compatibility of <i>B. eleusines</i> with herbicides was evaluated for toxic effects on spore germination and mycelium growth in vitro tests, and varied effects were observed with different chemical products. Briefly, 25 g/L penoxsulam OD plus 10% bensulfuron-methyl WP were much more compatible with <i>B. eleusines</i>, and there was no inhibition of spore germination but the promotion of mycelium growth of <i>B. eleusines</i> at all treatment rates. Under greenhouse conditions, the coefficient of the specificity of <i>B. eleusines</i> conidial agent was determined as 3.91, closer to the herbicidal control of 2.89, showing it is highly specific between rice and barnyardgrass. Field experiments in 2011 and 2012 showed that <i>B. eleusines</i> conidial agent displayed good activity on barnyardgrass, monochoria [<i>Monochoria vaginalis</i> (Burm.f.) Presl. Ex Kunth.], and small-flower umbrella sedge (<i>Cyperus difformis</i> L.) and had no negative impact on the rice plant. It also reduced the loss of rice yield when compared with the non-treated control and could make this pathogen a conidial agent for commercial bioherbicidal development in the future.
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