Efficiency of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Phenolic Compounds from <i>Agrimonia eupatoria</i>: Experimental Study and In Silico Modelling
Mila Lazović | Ilija Cvijetić | Milica Jankov | Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica | Jelena Trifković | Petar Ristivojević
To replace common organic solvents that present inherent toxicity and have high volatility and to improve the extraction efficiency, a range of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were evaluated for the extraction of phenolic compounds from <i>Agrimonia eupatoria</i>. Screening of NADES efficiency was carried out based on the total phenolic and flavonoid content and radical-scavenging activity, determined by spectrophotometry, as well as phenolic compounds quantified, obtained using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Increased extraction efficiency when compared with organic solvent was achieved using NADES mixtures choline chloride (ChCl):urea 1:2 and choline chloride:glycerol 1:1. Flavonol glycosides were the most abundant compounds in all extracts. The COSMO-RS model provided insights into the most important intermolecular interactions that drive the extraction process. Moreover, it could explain the extraction efficiency of flavonol glycosides using ChCl:glycerol NADES. The current article offers experimental evidence and mechanistic insights for the selection of optimal NADES to extract bioactive components from <i>Agrimonia eupatoria</i>.
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