Chemical Investigation and Dose-Response Phytotoxic Effect of Essential Oils from Two Gymnosperm Species (<i>Juniperus communis</i> var. <i>saxatilis</i> Pall. and <i>Larix decidua</i> Mill.)
Sara Vitalini | Marcello Iriti | Valentina Vaglia | Stefania Garzoli
The chemical composition of the liquid and vapor phases of leaf essential oils (EOs) obtained from two species of Gymnosperms (<i>Juniperus communis var. saxatilis</i> Willd. and <i>Larix decidua</i> Mill.) was investigated using the SPME-GC-MS technique. The results highlighted a composition characterized by 51 identified volatile compounds (34 in <i>J. communis</i> and 39 in <i>L. decidua</i>). In both bloils, monoterpenes prevailed over the sesquiterpenes, albeit with qualitative and quantitative differences. Sabinene (37.5% and 34.5%, respectively) represented the two most abundant components in the liquid and vapor phases of <i>J. communis</i>, and <i>α</i>-pinene (51.0% and 63.3%) was the main constituent in <i>L. decidua.</i> The phytotoxic activity of the two EOs was assessed in pre-emergence conditions using three concentrations in contact (2, 5, 10 µL/mL) and non-contact (2, 20, 50 µL) tests against <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> Lam. (Poaceae) and <i>Sinapis alba</i> L. (Brassicaceae). Treatments were effective in a dose-dependent manner by significantly reducing the germination (up to 100% and 45–60%, respectively, with filter paper and soil as a substrate) and the seedling development (1.3 to 8 times) of both target species. Moreover, an exploratory survey on the residual presence of volatile compounds in the soil at the end of the tests was carried out.
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