Physiological and Biochemical Responses of <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i>, <i>Oryza sativa</i> f. <i>spontanea</i> (Weedy Rice) and <i>Cyperus iria</i> to <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> Methanol Extract
Mst. Motmainna | Abdul Shukor Juraimi | Md. Kamal Uddin | Norhayu Binti Asib | A. K. M. Mominul Islam | Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani | Zulkarami Berahim | Mahmudul Hasan
The current study was designed to investigate the effect of <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> L. methanol extract on <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i> L., <i>Oryza sativa</i> f. <i>spontanea</i> (weedy rice) and <i>Cyperus iria</i> L. in glasshouse condition. Here, <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> methanol extract at 20, 40, and 60 g L<sup>−1</sup> concentrations was applied on the test species to examine their physiological and biochemical responses at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying (HAS). The phytotoxicity of <i>P. hysterophorus</i> was strong on <i>A. conyzoides</i> compared to weedy rice and <i>Cyperus iria</i> at different concentrations and exposure times. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content when plants were treated with <i>P. hysterophorus</i> extract concentrations. Exposure to <i>P. hysterophorus</i> (60 g L<sup>−1</sup>) at 24 HAS increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content by 152% and 130%, respectively, in <i>A. conyzoides</i> compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were also increased in the presence of <i>P. hysterophorus</i> extract. Present findings confirm that the methanol extract of <i>P. hysterophorus</i> can disrupt the physiological and biochemical mechanism of target weeds and could be used as an alternative to chemical herbicides.
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