The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants
Sims K. Lawson | Prabodh Satyal | William N. Setzer
As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of <i>Agastache foeniculum</i> (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), <i>Gaultheria procumbens</i> L. (Ericaceae), <i>Heliopsis helianthoides</i> (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), <i>Liatris spicata</i> (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), <i>Pycnanthemum incanum</i> (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), <i>Smallanthus uvedalia</i> (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and <i>Verbena hastata</i> L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of <i>A. foeniculum</i> was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the <i>G. procumbens</i> essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in <i>H. helianthoides</i> (42%) and <i>L. spicata</i> (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in <i>P. incanum</i> essential oil. The essential oil of <i>S. uvedalia</i> showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. <i>Verbena hastata</i> essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, <i>H. helianthoides</i>, <i>L. spicata</i>, <i>P. incanum</i>, and <i>V. hastata</i>, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.
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