<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and Silicon Modulate Antioxidant Metabolism and Improve the Physiological Traits to Confer Salt Tolerance in Lettuce
Muneera ALKahtani | Yaser Hafez | Kotb Attia | Talal Al-Ateeq | Mohamed A. M. Ali | Mirza Hasanuzzaman | Khaled Abdelaal
We investigated the impact of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> as seed treatment and application with silicon on lettuce plants exposed to salinity levels (4 dS m<sup>−1</sup> and 8 dS m<sup>−1</sup>). Results revealed that leaves number, head weight, total yield, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll a and b declined considerably due to two salinity levels. Oxidative stress markers, i.e., hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), superoxide (O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) dramatically augmented in stressed plants. On the other hand, leaves number, total yield, RWC, and chlorophyll a, b in stressed lettuce plants were considerably enhanced because of the application of Si or <i>B. thuringiensis.</i> In contrast, EL%, MDA, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were considerably reduced in treated lettuce plants with Si and <i>B. thuringiensis</i>. In addition, the treatment with Si and <i>B. thuringiensis</i> increased head weight (g) and total yield (ton hectare-1), and caused up-regulation of proline and catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity in lettuce leaves under salinity conditions.
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