Effect of Different Climate Change Variables on the Ecology and Management of <i>Sesbania cannabina</i> through Glyphosate
Nadeem Iqbal | Sudheesh Manalil | Bhagirath Singh Chauhan | Steve Adkins
An elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentration and frequent droughts are two anticipated climate change scenarios in which certain invasive weeds may develop competitive advantages over crops and adversely impact productivity and herbicide efficacy. Hence, a study was conducted to explore the effect of different climatic scenarios on the growth and management of <i>Sesbania cannabina</i> (Retz.) Pers with glyphosate. The variables investigated were two CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (400 and 700 ppm), two soil moisture levels (100% and 50% of field capacity (FC)), and three glyphosate rates (0 (control), 517 (50% of recommended rate), and 1034 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup> (recommended rate)). CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and soil moisture levels had different effects on the growth and management of <i>S. cannabina</i>. Overall, 100% FC and elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 700 ppm recorded the maximum plant height (38 cm), leaves per plant (20), growth index (60), chlorophyll content (SPAD value 37), and dry biomass (3 g) in comparison with ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 400 ppm and 50% FC treatment. The recommended glyphosate application gave 100% weed biomass reduction; however, efficacy was reduced (63%) when applied at 50% of the recommended rate under elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] of 700 ppm and 50% FC conditions.
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