Comparative Study on the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Grecian Juniper (<i>Juniperus excelsa</i> M. Bieb) Unripe and Ripe Galbuli
Stanko Stankov | Hafize Fidan | Zhana Petkova | Magdalena Stoyanova | Nadezhda Petkova | Albena Stoyanova | Ivanka Semerdjieva | Tzenka Radoukova | Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
Grecian juniper (<i>Juniperus excelsa</i> M. Bieb.) is an evergreen tree and a rare plant found in very few locations in southern Bulgaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of <i>J. excelsa</i> unripe and ripe galbuli from three different locations in Bulgaria. The essential oil content ranged between 1.9% and 5.1%, while the lipid fraction yield was between 4.5% and 9.1%. The content of total chlorophyll was 185.4–273.4 μg/g dw. The total carotenoid content ranged between 41.7 and 50.4 μg/g dw of ripe galbuli, and protein content was between 13.6% and 16.4%. Histidine (5.5 and 8.0 mg/g content range) and lysine (4.0 and 6.1 mg/g) were the major essential amino acids. The antioxidant potential of the 95% and 70% ethanol extracts was analyzed using four different methods. A positive correlation between the antioxidant potential and phenolic content of the galbuli was found. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the differences in phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of <i>J. excelsa</i> galbuli as a function of maturity stage and collection locality.
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