Spectral assessment of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines in the autumn period

The introduction of modern methods of field assessment of winter wheat genotypes is an integral part of improving the quality of the breeding process. The creation, adaptation, and use of innovative screening technologies in breeding are becoming increasingly popular and allow the breeder to evaluate the original forms and newly created material more broadly and objectively. The autumn period is important for winter crops, when under favourable weather conditions (a gradual decrease in temperature) there is a slowdown in the growth rate of winter wheat, physiological and biochemical processes in the plant's body change, which contribute to its transition to a state of winter dormancy. The state of winter wheat crops (morpho-biometric indicators of plants) in the autumn period is largely decisive in the development of a sufficient level of winter hardiness, and therefore affects the further productivity of the crop. According to the results of the examination of morpho-biological and spectral analysis data, it was identified that before overwintering, the best condition for the first sowing period was distinguished by plants of winter wheat varieties: MIP Lada (NDVI=0.48), Erythrospermum 55023 line (NDVI=0.46), Lutescens 60049 (NDVI=0.46), varieties of MIP Vidznaka (NDVI=0.46) MIP IUvileina (NDVI=0.46), MIP Dniprianka (NDVI=0.46), and Lutescens 55198 line (MIP Darunok) (NDVI=0.47). In the standard Podolianka variety, the index value was at the level of 0.45. During the second sowing period, the following varieties were identified: MIP Assol (NDVI=0.32), Balada myronivs'ka (NDVI=0.32), Erythrospermum 55023 (NDVI=0.33), MIP Lada (NDVI=0.33), MIP IUvileina (NDVI=0.32), Lutescens 55198 (MIP Darunok) (NDVI=0.32), and Lutescens 60107 (NDVI=0.32). The NDVI index of the Podolianka variety was at the level of 0.32